These equations describe motion with constant acceleration, fundamental to projectile motion and falling objects.
Energy of motion
Potential energy near Earth's surface
Work done equals change in kinetic energy
Momentum of an object
Total momentum remains constant
Force required for circular motion
Motion where the restoring force is proportional to displacement and directed toward equilibrium.
Momentum of an object
Total momentum remains constant
Wave speed equals frequency times wavelength
Describes the shape and motion of a traveling wave
Spatial frequency of a wave
Rate of oscillation in radians per second
Measures how much light slows down in a medium
Governs refraction at a boundary
Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection
Condition for constructive interference
Relates focal length, object distance, and image distance
Ratio of image size to object size
Electrostatic force between two point charges
Force per unit charge
Field strength around a single charge
Energy stored in an electric field
Potential energy per unit charge
Ability to store charge
Electrical energy stored
Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
Rate of electrical energy transfer
Total resistance adds directly
Reciprocal of total resistance
Lorentz force on a charged particle
Force on a current-carrying wire
Induced EMF from changing magnetic flux
Measure of magnetic field through a surface
Relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas
Energy conservation in thermal systems
Heat required to change temperature
Heat capacity per unit mass
Energy required for phase change
Change in length due to temperature change
Change in volume due to temperature change
Rate of heat transfer through a material
Power radiated by a black body
Ratio of work output to heat input
Maximum theoretical efficiency
Total kinetic energy of gas molecules
Work during expansion or compression
Measure of disorder in a system
Entropy in terms of microstates